Iran Press/ Iran news: Below is a summary of the key phases in the development of Islamic geometric patterns.
Early Islamic Period
From the 7th to 10th centuries the foundations of Islamic geometric patterns can be found in the art and architecture of early Islamic civilizations. During this period, geometric motifs were incorporated into the design of mosques, palaces, and other buildings. The patterns were often simple and consisted of basic shapes such as squares, circles, and interlacing lines.
The Umayyad and Abbasid Periods
From the 8th to 13th centuries Islamic geometric patterns flourished during the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties. The patterns became more intricate and complex, incorporating a wider range of geometric shapes and combinations. Arabesque motifs, such as intertwining vines and scrolls, started to be integrated into the geometric designs, adding a sense of organic beauty to the compositions.
Al-Andalus and Moorish Influence
From the 8th to 15th centuries the Islamic geometric patterns reached their zenith during the period of Al-Andalus (Islamic Iberia), where the fusion of Islamic, Byzantine, and Visigothic influences created a unique style. The Alhambra Palace in Granada, Spain, is a prime example of this period, showcasing intricate geometric designs characterized by rhythmic repetition, complex star patterns (muqarnas), and stalactite-like vaulting.
Mamluk and Timurid Periods
From the 13th to 16th centuries in Egypt and Syria, the Mamluk dynasty contributed to the development of Islamic geometric patterns by introducing new motifs, such as quatrefoils, octagons, and hexagons. The Timurid dynasty in Central Asia further advanced the art by combining geometric designs with floral elements, resulting in more elaborate and ornate compositions.
Ottoman-Safavid Periods
From the 16th to 19th centuries during the Safavid era in Persia (modern-day Iran) and the Ottoman Empire, Islamic geometric patterns continued to evolve. The Safavids incorporated calligraphy and naturalistic motifs into the geometric compositions, while the Ottomans emphasized large-scale patterns in their architecture and developed the use of star polygons and tessellations.
Revival and Contemporary Era
Islamic geometric patterns experienced a revival in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as a renewed interest in traditional Islamic art emerged. The principles of Islamic geometry were studied and codified, and artisans and designers began to apply these patterns in various art forms, such as ceramics, textiles, and metalwork. Today, Islamic geometric patterns continue to inspire artists, architects, and designers, both in traditional and contemporary contexts.
Islamic geometric patterns history
Islamic geometric patterns emerged as a unique art form during the early Islamic period. Influenced by various cultures, Islamic art developed its distinct style characterized by intricate geometric designs emphasizing symmetry and mathematical precision. These patterns became increasingly complex and sophisticated, incorporating a wide range of shapes and combinations. The "Golden Age" of Islamic art saw remarkable advancements in geometric patterns, influenced by regional styles and local traditions. In modern times, there has been a revival of interest in Islamic geometric patterns, inspiring contemporary artists and designers to reinterpret and incorporate these motifs into their work.
Islamic geometric patterns meaning
Islamic geometric patterns refer to the intricate and symmetrical designs that are a prominent feature of Islamic art and architecture. These patterns are characterized by the skilled use of geometric shapes, such as circles, squares, polygons, and stars, which are meticulously arranged to create complex and visually captivating compositions. Islamic geometric patterns hold deep cultural and religious significance, representing the pursuit of beauty, mathematical precision, and the unity and order found in the Islamic worldview. They are celebrated for their aesthetic appeal, their harmony, and their ability to evoke a sense of tranquility and contemplation.
Types of Islamic geometric patterns
Islamic geometric patterns encompass a diverse array of types, each characterized by its unique features. Here are some of the notable types of Islamic geometric patterns:
1. Rosettes: Rosettes are circular patterns formed by the repetition and overlapping of geometric shapes, such as circles, squares, or polygons. They often feature radial symmetry and can be found in various Islamic architectural elements.
2. Stars: Islamic star patterns consist of interlaced polygons that form a star-like shape. These patterns often exhibit intricate symmetry and can be seen in the decoration of mosques, tiles, and manuscripts.
3. Quatrefoils: Quatrefoils are patterns composed of four lobes or leaves that are symmetrically arranged. They can be found in architectural details, such as window grilles and screens, and are commonly used in Islamic geometric ornamentation.
4. Tessellations: Tessellations are intricate patterns formed by geometric shapes that fit together perfectly without any gaps or overlaps. These patterns create captivating designs that can be seen in Islamic tilework and mosaics.
5. Muqarnas: Muqarnas refers to three-dimensional architectural ornaments that feature intricate geometrical configurations. These complex and decorative elements are often used to embellish domes, ceilings, and vaults in Islamic architecture.
6. Girih Patterns: Girih patterns are intricate interlacing strapwork designs commonly found in Islamic architecture, particularly in Iran and Central Asia. They consist of geometrically precise lines and polygons arranged in complex and symmetrical compositions.
What are geometric pattern names?
Geometric patterns in Islamic art often have specific names associated with their unique characteristics. Here are some commonly used geometric pattern names found in Islamic art:
Arabesque
Flowing and intricate patterns inspired by plant forms, often incorporating elements like leaves, vines, and flowers.
Quatrefoil
Patterns are composed of four lobes or leaves symmetrically arranged, resembling a four-leaf clover.
Rosette
Circular patterns are formed by the repetition and overlapping of geometric shapes, such as circles, squares, or polygons.
Star
Patterns formed by interlaced polygons create a star-like shape, often exhibiting intricate symmetry.
Zigzag
Patterns are characterized by a series of connected diagonal lines or angles, creating a zigzag motif.
Tessellation
Intricate patterns are formed by geometric shapes that fit together perfectly without gaps or overlaps.
Interlace
Patterns featuring interconnected and interwoven lines, often forming complex and geometrically precise designs.
Lattice
Patterns are composed of a regular grid of intersecting lines, creating a lattice-like structure.
Girih
Intricate interlacing strapwork designs are commonly found in Persian and Central Asian architecture.
Moorish
A term often used to describe the distinctive geometric patterns found in Islamic architecture, particularly in the Alhambra Palace in Granada, Spain.
Muqarnas
Three-dimensional architectural ornaments featuring intricate geometric configurations are often used in vaulted ceilings and domes.
Conclusion
Islamic geometric patterns have a captivating and enduring presence within the realm of art, evolving and thriving throughout the history of Islamic culture. From their early origins to the golden age of Islamic art, these patterns showcase an extraordinary blend of mathematical precision and artistic creativity. With a wide array of forms including rosettes, stars, quatrefoils, tessellations, and more, Islamic geometric patterns exhibit intricate symmetries, interlaced designs, and harmonious compositions. They adorn mosques, palaces, and various decorative objects, embodying the pursuit of beauty, the celebration of unity and order, and the seamless integration of mathematics and art within Islamic traditions. Whether it's the mesmerizing arabesques, the precise tessellations, or the ornate muqarnas, these patterns continue to inspire and captivate modern audiences.
Source: https://saeidshakouri.com/
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