Iran Press/ Europe: Despite growing 1.9 per cent, Japan's nominal 2023 gross domestic product in dollar terms was US$4.2 trillion, government data showed, compared with US$4.5 trillion for Germany, according to figures released there last month.
The change in positions primarily reflects the sharp fall in the yen against the dollar, rather than the German economy - which contracted 0.3 per cent in 2023 - outperforming Japan, economists said.
The Japanese currency slumped by almost a fifth in 2022 and 2023 against the US currency, including around seven per cent last year.
This was in part because in an effort to boost prices the Bank of Japan has maintained negative interest rates, unlike other major central banks which have raised borrowing costs to fight soaring inflation.
Germany's heavily export-dependant manufacturers have been hit particularly hard by soaring energy prices in the wake of Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
Europe's biggest economy has also been hampered by the European Central Bank raising interest rates in the eurozone as well as uncertainty over its budget and chronic shortages of skilled labour.
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